Hair-curling material and method of preparing the same



Nov. l, 1927. Y 1,647,958

A. E. CIARLANTE HAIR CURLING MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAMEFiled Nov. 2, 1925 Patented Nov. l, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,647,958 PATENT OFFICE.

- 'ABIBEBTQ E. CIARLANTE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HAIR-OUBLING MATERIAL AND METHOD F PREPARING THE SAME.

Application med november a, 192e. 'serial No. 145,890.

This invention relates to improvements in hair curling materials andmethods of preparing the same. More particularly it relates to materialsfor permanent wave apparatus, applying heat to the hair while tightlycurled upon a rod. For this purpose it is customary to wrap around thehair a pad or strip of textile material h olding a solid or liquidchemical which contributes to the process. Pads carrying chemicals forthis purpose are known in the market, a separate pad being used for eachof the thirty or forty tresses in which the hair of a head is dividedfor the treatment. n

The invention provides means by which the strength of chemical which isin a pad can be varied according to the needs judged proper for' theparticular hair which is to be treated. It also provides for this beingaccomplished without the operator h aving to carry a stock of padsimpregnated in advance to varying strengths. A lso the inventionprovides a method, involving the manufacture of a new article orproduct, by which the individual operator can obtain his needed pads atless expense than heretofore and with greater advantage, in that thepacking of the material for market is less expensive, and the padsprovided by it may be had for use either in the form of square pads oroblong strips, according to the requirements of the particular customer,without the operator having to carry a stock of both shapes, the needbeing sometimes for pads, saytwo and one-half inches square, andsometimes for` strips five or six inches by one and o ncquarter inch. Inthis respect the invention provides a new article ot' manufacture, forthe marketing and supplying of the same material commercially to thebeauty shops throughout the country at lower costs than heretofore. Alsothe invention providesfor a textile material of single thickness to carry a relatively great quantity of a chemical pensive means.

These advantages, and the others which characterize the invention, areattained by providing in super-saturated form a portion of the padswhich are to be used and providing the remainder in unsaturated form.These all may be made to co-operate so that a small number of pads fromthe super-saturated supply combined with additional pads from theunsaturated supply produce of this nature in solid form, and tomaintain7 it in condition for convenient use, by inexthe total number ofequably saturated pads needed for the particular customers head. Thechemical becomes thus distributed through al1 by soaking them alltogether in a limited quantity of water; and the desired degree ofstrength or weakness of the cliemical is attained by varying the volumeof water used for this purpose, a greater measure being used when thestrength per pad is to be weaker, without it being necessary for thebeauty shop to have in reserve a stock of pads of the particularstrength wanted by each customer, or of any strength at all, except thesuper-saturated element.

The super-saturated element is preferably made by passing a length, forexample, fifty yards ot continuous strip of flannel, or other suitablematerial, through a bath of the chemical which has ,been prepared of a'creamy consistency; partially drying the impregnated strip; and thenwinding it into a roll, thereby sealing the remaining moisture withinthe roll, where it serves several functions one of which is 4that ithelps to hold the deposited chemical on the strip when a section thereofis univound and severed, for use. This long rolled strip may have therequired width of a single pad, for example, ltwo and a half inches. Thechemical material is carried in the roll in friable solid form and inmoist form; and that part of it which is, riable, resembling a powderadhering but loosely, is maintained in place by the successiveconvolutioiis of the roll. The roll itself becomes possible, in acommercial sense, by being made While moisture remains present to makethe impregnating mass Hexible and not too brittle. makes the successiveconvolutioiis of the roll adhere together gently, so that the roll as awhole can be handled conveniently, and yet sections can be drawn olfeasily and without too much crumbling.

Various chemicals which are known in the art may be used for thispurpose. It has been an extensive practice heretofore to use somechemical which is a powder at atmospheric temperatures. This has beenheld in distribution ovei the pad by making the pad in the form of a bagsewed criss-cross to hold the powder. The present invention makespossible the holding ot the chemical in relatively large volumethroughout the This moisture also extent of the pad; avoiding theduplicationrated material', indicatinv ing a nap is used, as flannel,and the thick creamy solution of the chemical, when the flannel is runthrough a bath of that liquid, makes a thick coatin on both sides of theflannel, as well as a gody impregnated into its midst. Air is then blownacross the strip when it comes from the bath, for partially drying it;and it may be wound into a roll when it is st ill moist. The solidmaterial left as a dry deposit when moisture has departed is a crumblymass clinging somewhat loosely to the hairs of the nap; but as therolling of the strip retains some moisture for a long time therein, thechemical material still clings, as the strip is unrolled section bysection for use. rPhe adhesion may be improved by employing in thesolution an adhesive gum, and the strip may be made capable ofcarryingimorepf y,the dry chemicalby having an inert powder sprinkled'over it which acts as a binder and makes the dried chemical holdtogether better. For this purpose one may use starch or white henna,magnesium carbonate. This f having been put into the thick hot liquid,

hot enough so that good impregnation through the nap is obtained, thechemical soaks into the starch, or the white henna, and the gum hel shold the sta-rch on the fuzz of the flanne Also, if desired, a littleglycerine or other harmless non-drying material may be used to keep thewhole from becoming too stiff; or a little of a hygroscopic ingredientmay be used. By this means it is possible to make a single ply offlannel carry more of the chemical than is needed for a single pad usedon the hair. The amount will depend to some extent on the particularchemical which is used, there being various ingredients and combinationsknown in the art. Preferably a chemical substance or combination ischosen which is soluble in water. The invention then permits theoperator to execute his work according to the higheststandards of theprofession, and according to his skill and the individual needs of hiscustomers hair, and with great certainty as to the result, bydetermining the propel' strength which the solution should have and thenproducing that strength by the simple counting of the number of pads ofeach kind and measuring the water in which all are soaked together.

It is intended that the patent shall cover by suitable expression in theappended claims whatever features of patentable novelty exist in theinvention disclosed.

In the accompanying drawings, materials and stages in the practice ofthe invention are represented somewhat diagrammatically:

Figure 1 shows a roll of the super-satua portion severed for the makingof a singzle pad;

Figure 2 represents similarly a roll of unsaturated material, with twoportions severed;

Figure 3 represents the step of reducing the saturation of a pad fromFigure 1 and making suitably saturated the two pads from Figure 2;

Figure 4 shows how the roll 0f Figure l may be used for formation ofstrips instead of square pads; and

Figure 5 indicates the super-saturated material of the invention, in asmall section much enlarged.

Referring to the drawings, 10 indicates a roll of super-saturatedmaterial made as above described, from which a. section 1 may be eut ortorn. If preferred the severed section may be oblong, in the formindicated in Figure ,ei, which is called-a strip, each being of doublelength and half width as compared with the square of Figure 1. In Figure5 the threads of the textile material are marked 12 and the nap 14,while the inert starch or white henna 16 would not be distinguishablefrom the active chemical substance or composition 18, both beingrepresented by the stippling extending all through the body, andparticularly on the surface where they clin# to the nap. This productcan convenienty and cheaply be marketed by selling a complete roll 10 ina single unit containing iifty yards or so, and the complete rolls 2Owhich may be of equal or any other length. The material holds itselftogether and keeps itself suliciently moist and flexible for goodhandling when it is to be used.

To illustrate the practice of the invention let it be assumed that thehair of a customer to be treated is of the thick oily variety and thatit is to be twisted in thirty-six tresses, that is, on thirty-six littlecurling rods, in which case thirty-six pads would be required. Theoperator severs twelve pads or about a yard from a super-saturated roll10 and twenty-four equal lengths or about two yards from an unsaturatedroll 2O and puts them all together in the' measuring glass 22illustrated in Figure 3, or in other suit-able dish, in eight ounces ofplain water 24 and leaves them until all are well soaked, say fiveminutes or so. He may with his fingers squeeze and wring them so thatall become equally saturated, the chemical going from the pads 1 intosolution in the water and thus being distributed through all of the padsequally. He then applies these to the hair, in the instrument ou whichit is being curled. The pads are of single ply and of suitable thicknessso that they will it into any of the commonly used machines, which areof several varieties. 'l'lic excess of solution left in the beaker 22after the pads have been removed can be used for wetting adjacent partsof the hair. Also, it can be saved and used for wetting additionalunsaturated pads which will thus become saturated to precisely the' samestrength, for use on some other customer. For a customer having mediumdry hair the operator might take three of the pads 'from roll 20 foreach one from roll 10 and apply water at the rate of twelve ouneesofwater to each twelve of the sinner-saturated pads (which in this casewould call for nine ounces for the thirtysix pads); and for thin dryhair he might take four for one, and apply water at the rate of fourteenounces to each twelve of the super-saturated pads (about eight ouncesfor the group of thirty-six pads of this strength) 'lhe exact quantityof water needed per yard of chemical strip, in order that whenequalized'through all of the pads it will be fully effective upon thehair, and not burn it, will naturally depend upon what strength ofchemical is supplied by the manufacturer.

This may vary with different chemicals, and may depend on what themanufacturer finds advisable to establish as a standard. The strength ofpad which the operator will wish to make for a particular customer mustdepend upon the operators observation oit the hair which is to betreated. For this purpose all hair may be divided as to fineness orlphysical dimension into thick, medium and line,-each ot' which may beeither oily or dry; and other classes are white hair and bleached ordyed hair. Having classified the hair to be treated, the operator candeeide the needed strength of pads in terms ot' quantity of water perunit of length of chemical strip, according to a table that may befurnished by the manufacturer of the chemical pad; or he can decide thisaccording to his own knowledge and experience;

and the resulting strength of the pads will be predetermined by theamount of water he uses per unit of chemical pad.

It will be observed that the strip impregnated and encrusted with thesolid chemical material makes a standard unit for charging the water toa definite predetermined strength, according to how many of these unitsclipped from the roll are used and how much water is measured per unitused. The manufacturer can make the strip with a uniform quantity ofchemical material adhering to each part of the roll, provided the creamybath through which the strip is run is uniformly of a certain qualityand thickness or consistency. When the partially dried strip isthereafter wound into a roll, the single impregnated strip of textilematerial is holding two layers of chemical material, one on each face;and these two layers of chemical material come next to each other in theconvolutions of the roll. By

natural adhesion together and drying at the edges they seal the roll, soas to hold the moisture in the middle of the mass. while the surface ofthe roll dries, thus making a convenient package for commercialdistribution.

F or use, the strip with its adhering chemical material can easily bepulled oil' in the unrolling direction and severed into pieces of suchsize as is desired, by rending 0r cutting transversely. The separatepleces thus made constitute each a cake of chemical material in solidform and in the shape of one of the pads, with the textile material forone of the pads embodied in its midst. In

view of the discovery that satisfactory pads may be made by impregnationof previously untreated textile material with a solution made from thissolid (instead of it being required that the chemical be associated insolid form with the pad material as heretofore thought necessary orcustomarily practiced) it becomes possible to attain the desired padstrength 'for different kinds of hair by distributing the chemicalcommercially in the form of cake, separate from the textile materialwhich forms the pad. In such case each cake would be of known standardcontent such that by the application, to one or a. predetermined numberof cakes, of water in predetermined quantity proportional to theweakness desired in the pads, according to a schedule ,that may befurnished by the manufacturer, the individual pads could be prepared toproper predetermined strength` without the pad being present in themidst of the cake. OrV

the chemical might be arranged otherwise than in a cake provided itis 1na standard strength so that for a given quantity a predetermined liquidmeasure of the water will give the predetermined strength of a solution.

I claim as my invention:

l. Material for hair curling apparatus, comprising pad-material andchemical-material held together, with the chemical-material distributedover thevpad-material in solid form, and in greater intensity than isnormal for use in curling hair; said chemical-material being capable ofpassing into solution to be thus distributed equabIy between saidpadmateria1 and other padmaterial previously not associated with any ofsaid chemical-material.

2. A method of preparing pads for hair curling apparatus comprising theimmersing in a solvent of a plurality of pads,.one of which pads haschemical-material associated with it in greater than the finishedstrength and another of which pads is free from association ofchemicalmaterial; and the disseminating of said chemical-materialthrough the solution to equable strength in both of the said pads.

` 3. A method of preparing pads for hair Meanas curling apparatus,comprising the immersing, in a fixed body of solvent, of a lurality ofpads impregnated with the emicalmaterial for the apparatus, each holding1t encrusted in solid form and in greater quantity than a inished padhas when ready for use; and the immersmg in the same of a plurality ofimpregnated pads; the whole thereby becoming equably impregnated.

4. A method of predetermining the stre h of chemical-material in padsfor hair curlln apparatus, comprising the preparation ori a solution ofthe chemical-material in a predetermined quantity of asolvent, by use ofa standard unit uantity of the material and a varying quantity of thesolvent, the vari'- ation being predetermined according to the standardof strength desired in the pads for a single head treatment; andimpregnating the pads 4equably therewith by lmmersin them all in thesaid solution of the strengt thus predetermined.

5. Material for curling apparatus, comprising pad-material impregnatedwith and encrusted over by chemical-material in solid form and ingreater intensity than is normal for use in curling hair, adapted forpaing into solution .for distribution to other padmaterial.

6. A combination material for hair curling apparatus comprising a supplypacket of pad material and chemical material, wherein the pad and thechemical are arranged in layers adhering to ether in a repeatingsuccession of chemica -pad-chemicalchemical-pad-chemical; with chemicalalso impregnated in the pad; and with the chemical which is next to a pad adhering to the pad more strongly than to the chemical adjoining iton its other side; whereby in the supply packet the successive layershouse each other, and when withdrawn the pad and I vstripbeing formed ina roll with the adiacent surfaces of the said chemical-material 1nsuccesslve convolutions adheringl siparably together, and adhering toeac 'o er less strongly than they adhere to the textile material; saidmaterlal being suitable for use in hair curling apparatus.

8. A new article of manufacture comprising a roll in which theconvolutions consist successively of one thickness of textile materialand two thicknesses of chemical material, the exposed surfaces of theroll bein dry while t e interior of the cylindrica mass is moist; thesame being capable of being unrolled into a single-thickness stri oftextile material having chemical materia adhering to both sides of it.

9. A method of making pads for use in hair curling apparatus comprisingthe passing of a strip of textile material through a bath of chemicalmaterial in which the said chemical material is in the form of a thickcreamy liquid, whereby a thick layer of the chemical adheres 4to bothsides of the strip; then partially drying thematerial which is adheringto the strip; and then rolling the strip into a cylindrical mass whilemoisture remains therein; the presence of the moisture in the midst ofthe mass beino' prolonged by the adhesion together and drying of theexposed edges of the strip convolutions.

Signed at New York this 4th day of October, 1926. f

ARIBERTO E. CIARLANTE.

